The Eighth Amendment And Cruel Punishment Essay - 2194 Words

The eighth amendment states: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. (The Bill of Rights). Although excessive bails and excessive fines are a problem, the focus for this paper is going to be centered on cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. For years, many inmates and other people in society have been victims of cruel and unusual punishment. Extreme cases have included hangings, cadena temporal, being burned alive, public dissection, and today the focus is on lethal injections and quick ways to put people in their deathbeds. Although there is a desirability to steer the chances of crimes, among other factors, I believe that the death penalty, lethal injections, and other forms of perishment are inhumane and therefore contradict the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is important to me because I believe everyone has something to prove. Everyone can do better, including the people who are imprisoned and have done horrible acts. A death sentence is inhumane to me personally, because I picture my mother getting sentenced to death and having no say in what is happening. Recently, I watched a movie titled Dancer in the Dark directed by Lars von Trier. This movie featured a young single mother raising a child while she was becoming blind. She became friends with her neighbor who was a cop, and the cop became immensely suicidal one evening due to a lack and heavy spendage of income from his family,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of The Eighth Amendment1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe eighth amendment helps people stay safe, for those who are going to jury. The eighth amendment was ratified in 1791 and stated that, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines are imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This was made to help make sure that more amounts of bail money/property are not given to by excessive amounts, and that cruel or unusual punishments are not prohibited to any person going into court. Bail is where a certain amount of money is requiredRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesnor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Eighth Amendment, 1791 The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution limits the punishments that may be imposed by the government on American citizens. These limits are compulsory among the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 expressed concern with arbitrary and disproportionate sanctions, giving way to the Founders inclusion of the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. To explore the Eighth AmendmentRead MoreSupreme Court Cases and the Eighth Ammendment865 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first ten amendments which were included to guarantee personal rights. One interesting amendment that has tested numerous times through the Supreme Court is the Eighth Amendment: no cruel or unusual punishment, it definitely changed America’s on what punishment is considered cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment was tested through many Supreme Court and there were some very significant ones such as the Miller v. Alabama. The no cruel or unusual aspect of the Eighth Amendment gives protectionRead MoreEssay about 8th Amendment1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Eighth Amendment The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. The 8th Amendment stipulates that bail shall notRead MoreEssay about The Eighth Amendment1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 8th Amendment stipulatesRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment and Death Penalty Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Eight Amendment to the U.S. Constitution â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted†, proposed on 9/25/1789 and approved on 12/15/1791. The cruel and unusual punishment confines the harshness of penalties that state and federal governments may inflict upon ones who have been condemned of a criminal offense. The excessive fines phrase restricts the amount that state and federal governments may possibly fine an individual for aRead MoreConstitutional Conflict of the Dealth Penalty Essay584 Words   |  3 Pages The courts positions of the death penalty has changed over the years. For centuries societies have used death as the ultimate penalty for crime. In the 1960s, the court ruled against the death penalty as a cruel and unusual punishment, which was forbidden by th e eighth amendment of the Constitution. By the 1990s the death penalty was again in wide use supported by the court and Congress, which continually expanded by legislation the crimes for which death would be an acceptable penaltyRead MoreThe Debate Over Capital Punishment936 Words   |  4 Pages The debate over capital punishment is in regards to whether the death penalty contradicts the Eighth Amendment. If the death penalty does contradict the Eight Amendment, then the State should not have the power to sentence criminals to death for capital crimes. However, if capital punishment is not against the Eighth Amendment, then the State has the right to sentence criminals to death. In this essay I will first summarize Justice Brennan’s argument on why the death penalty is beyond the powerRead MoreDebate on the Death Penalty in America1482 Words   |  6 Pagesabove is from the book, Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equally horrible offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does capital punishment follow the guidelines setRead MoreConstitutionality of the Death Penalty1485 Words   |  6 Pages12-16 ) The excerpt above is from the book Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equal offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does that follow the guidelines set out by

Neo-Marxist Contribution to Theories O Social Class...

How far would you say that Neo-Marxist have contributed to the continuing relevance of theories of social class inequality today? Social class inequality can be defined as the existence of socially created inequalities among and within classes. They can be attributed to various factors such as race, colour, ethnicity, gender, income, etc. It is arguable that inequalities that exist in post-independence societies as well as the inequalities which exist between nations can be directly traced back to the exploitative capitalism which accompanied European colonialism. Neo-Marxism has indeed contributed to the continuing relevance of theories of social class inequality in contemporary times. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to identify†¦show more content†¦And in addition it should improve on the understanding of our society through integrating the major social sciences. Neo-Marxism therefore held views that were synonymous with Marxism however they were amended and extended on his principles to keep up with modern times. Neo-Marxism, according to neo-marxist Nicos Poulantzas sought to answer three bas ic questions that traditional Marxist was unable to deliver a rationale for. These questions were firstly, why did the socialist and social democratic political parties not band together against WWI? (Instead of support for their own countries). Secondly, why although the timing seemed right for a workers revolution in the west it did not take place? And lastly how did fascism take place in Europe at this time? Neo-Marxism is based on the total political-economic-cultural systems that exist in contemporary societies. Neo-Marxists were concerned with the growth of the middle class, which changed the traditional Marxist class view of there being only two classes; to the introduction of a new class -the middle class. They studied the composition of the labour force; that is the fragmentation of the working class and the decomposition of capital; that is the growth in the middle class. They needed to discover whether or not social mobility was beneficial to the lower class or whether or not it leads to theShow MoreRelatedMarxism Of The Cold War And The Triumph Of Capitalism1528 Words   |  7 PagesMarxism has found great appeal as a political thought for several class-based revolution and have been the theoretical basis for the policies and politics of several regimes across the world. However, most governments and rulers have interpreted the political writings of Marx in their own way and c onsequently; several of the policies of these so-called Marxist states are often dramatically different and conflicting from the basis of Marxism. Since the end of the Cold War and the triumph of capitalismRead MoreFamily7546 Words   |  31 Pagesthe stresses and strains of daily life, which they get from being able to indulge in childish behaviour when playing with their children. This ‘stabilisation’ is often referred to as the ‘warm bath theory’. Other functions of the family; †¢ The family is an important agent of social control. It defines what is socially acceptable behaviour. The family also allow individuals to know the difference between right and wrong backed up by positive and negative sanctions. †¢ The familyRead MoreThe Role of Unions in South Africa19306 Words   |  78 Pagescollectivism, unionisation and union influence? 1 Table of Contents 1. Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction 6 6 2. Chapter 2 2.1 Theoretical Framework- Literature Review 2.1.1 Unitarism 2.1.2 Pluralism 2.1.3 Marxism 2.1.4 Collectivism and Individualism 2.1.5 Neo-liberalism 2.1.6 Unionism 8 8 8 10 12 13 19 21 3. Chapter 3 3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Sampling 3.1.3 Procedure 3.1.4 Methods of data collection 3.1.5 Data Analysis 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 4. Chapter 4 4.1 Research Results and AnalysisRead MoreSocial Power of the News Media12127 Words   |  49 Pagesmedia on the public.1 Instead of reviewing these positions and their empirical claims, this chapter examines in more general terms some properties of the social power of the news media. This power is not restricted to the influence of the media on their audiences, but also involves the role of the media within the broader framework of the social, cultural, political, or economic power structures of society. In order to focus this discussion better, I limit it to the news media, and in particular toRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreThe Impact of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria18675 Words   |  75 Pagesschool level. I particularly thank Mr. J. Usifo (English Teacher), Mr. J. O. Ogigie (Mathematics Teacher), Mr. A. J. O. Aliemeke (Geography and Senior House Master), Mr. Okoh (School Principal) of blessed memory, Mr. C. O. Oteh (Economics Teacher) and others. My educational development benefitted immensely from my one-year stint at the Lower Six Geography class at Edo College Higher School Certificate during the 1979-1980 class. Let me therefore thank Mr. Emuhen, Biology Teacher and Mr. Aigbe, the SchoolRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagessystem. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the UnitedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard

Poor Economics A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Povert

Question: Discuss about the Poor Economics for A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. Answer: 1. Increasing return on scale can be defined as more increase in the output level in comparison to the increase in input level. For example, Apple can have increasing returns to scale because of its brand loyalty, positive image among the customers, advanced technologies and innovation that influence the customers mindset positively. Due to its technical expertise and RD capabilities, the firm will be able to increase outputs more than the inputs. Consequently, apple uses superior technology that increases its production efficiency and ability to have increasing return on scale (Walshaw, 2014). But at the same time, increasing cost of raw material and lack of effective technologies may cause decreeing return on scale. For example, OfficeMax is a USA retail based firm that would have decreasing returns of scale because OfficeMax invest large amount of money in retail production input but lacks with required technology and efficiency, which might be a reason for declining return on sca le. OfficeMax merged with office depot for increasing the sale and demand through developing production efficiency, but it was not successful due to less market growth and innovation to meet customer needs. 2. Fixed cost is the cost that remains same at all level of activities and does not change with the change in the activity level in the organization. Proctor Gamble is the firm that has a significant level of the fixed costs due to having large number of stores and management of shelves along with the wages and salaries of the retail staff. It also uses different software to run its operations smoothly and to ensure the security of the data and for this, it pays fixed licensing and maintenance cost each year. The cost of software is also the sunk cost because it cannot be received in future (Banerjee and Duflo, 2012). The firm has paid the cost of buying the licenses of the different software that will be used over the years, but the cost cannot be recovered by the firm that makes it a sunk cost. 3. The invisible hand theory depicts no intervention of government and advocates a free market economy. According to this, government interventions may affect the market efficiency. For example, the government interventions in the health care industry of the USA caused an increased in the quality of care, but at the same time, it prevented the competition and caused the monopoly of some larger hospitals (Hausmann, et al, 2014). It caused an increase in the cost of treatment and low output in healthcare due to lack of effective RD. But at the same time, government interventions are effective to improve the services and consequently the social welfare from the business practices. For example, government interventions in USA airline industry through the regulations forced the firm to improve the competition and to ensure betters services to the customers. The government provided indirect subsidies; bailout service and tax support to small airline firms for maintaining their service and provide reasonable fare service to its customers (Jaffe, 2016). It also facilitated a control over the prices and increased overall efficiency in the market. 4. Cairn India and Vedanta merger plan in June 2016 is a strategic behavior in action. It means merger will strengthen the resources of Vedanta as well benefit the shareholders. Consequently, it will create the value for the stakeholders. This strategic behavior of merger will help in developing core competence in the market (Benna, 2014). The major players in this strategic behavior are cairn India and Vedanta ltd as both are involved in the merger process. At their disposable both are using the negotiation strategy along with lobbying to gain better deal and benefits for their shareholders. These strategies are working for both the firms to improve their favor in the strategic behavior and to get the required benefits. In this strategic behavior, one firm will buy the shares of other firms at an agreed price and it will cause an increase in return and market share of the buyer firm. Overall, both the firms will get benefited from this strategic behavior. 5. The understanding of risk attitude of the customers can be significant for the firm because it would facilitate an opportunity for increasing the sales of the firm. It is because it will enable the firms to determine the behavior and attitude of the customers towards the new products and services of the firm and to change the organizational offerings accordingly. For example, a risk take customers will like to adopt the new products and services and their behavior understanding can enable the firm to bring continuous changes in its products and to sell them to the customers adequately (Hoffman, and Bateson, 2016). For the risk-averse customers, firms can use the direct selling method because through this method; firm facilitate a direct interaction with the customers that is effective to ensure them for the product and to increase the trust of them in the organization goods and services. Through the direct selling method, the firm can sell to the risk-averse customer better by eli minating all their issues and conflicts. Marketing 1. Brand extension is a method of launching new product by the name of existing brand. I believe that brand extension is an important brand growth strategy because it helps to facilitate the new product and services through creating a positive mindset and trustworthy image among the customers. Brand extensions help the firms to ensure the acceptance of their new products and services in the market due to having the particular image among the target market for the brand (Wang, 2014). For example, Samsung uses the same brand name for all its products due to its quality image and trust among the customers. Brand extension works on the basis of brand loyalty that helps us to increase the brand equity by developing a favorable positioning among the customers. Therefore, brand extension is the efficient way to enter in the new market because the original brand is already in the mind of customers. For example, Apple expands its market from computer to mobile phone quite easily and became th e market leader due to its quality image and brand loyalty. 2. For service organizations, it is difficult to manage their market share and customer base due to lack of tangibility. Services are intangible and it creates challenges to promote, control, quality, and set price by the service firms due to dependency on the efficiency of a firm (Hoffman, and Bateson, 2016). The service organizations also face issue in differentiating their services from the others in their marketing prices and to adopt an effective pricing strategy due to cost of each service comes differently. The effective promotional mean is another challenge for the service organizations due to intangibility that makes most of the promotional methods inappropriate and it affects the organizational ability to increase consumer awareness. For these challenges, the service organizations need to follow unique marketing strategies by tangibles their services (Mason, and Evans, 2015). For example, the firms can compare their services with other firms services in terms of time, or ot her features that will make the services tangible and will increase the organizational marketing efforts. 3. ABT Electronic is USA based corporation, which is engaged in retailing business. It is a regional organization but it has higher sales equal to 400 million along with good demand. Due to this, it has opportunity of co-branding with Wal-Mart to increase its image and reach to market. ABT electronics will have various advantages of this co-branding due to developing the brand image, market reach, customer base, market expansion and consequently the revenue of the firm. It will increase the market share of the company and also increase the awareness regarding the company products (Kim and Mauborgne, 2015). It will also be effective to decline the competition and improving competitive position of the firm. But at the same time, it may affect the individual recognition of the firm due to brand impact of Wal-Mart and its cost leadership strategy that may affect the overall profitability of the firm. 4. McDonald is a fast food restaurant that offers food services through 3600 local restaurant and approximately 60 million people worldwide per day. Due to having youth customers as the target market, McDonald exercises the social media and web based marketing techniques for increasing market share and profitability. It is quite effective to increase its product awareness among the customers and consequently their responses positively. The continuous growth of McDonalds is the indicator of the success of its strategies (Watanabe, et al, 2015). The average annual earnings growth of McDonalds is 9.20%, which is effective to ensure the success of its marketing strategies. In US only, the compounded growth rate of McDonalds is 2.3% because of its web based marketing and social media strategies in the year 2015 due to convenience to the customer an increase in their awareness for the organizational products (Woolley, 2015). References Banerjee, A. and Duflo, E. (2012). Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. UK: PublicAffairs. Benna, P.L. (2014). Mergers and Acquisitions: India under Globalisation. USA: Routledge. Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, A. C., Bustos, S., Coscia, M. and Simoes, A. (2014).The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity. USA: MIT Press. Hoffman, K.D. and Bateson, J.E.G. (2016). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies, Cases (5th ed.).USA: Cengage Learning. Jaffe, S.D. (2016). Airspace Closure and Civil Aviation: A Strategic Resource for Airline Managers. USA: Routledge. Kim, C. W. and Mauborgne, R. (2015). Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. USA: Harvard Business Review Press. Mason, R. and Evans, B. (2015). The Lean Supply Chain: Managing the Challenge at Tesco. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Walshaw, T. (2014). Increasing Returns to Scale. USA: Lulu.com. Wang, C.L. (2014). Brand Management in Emerging Markets: Theories and Practices: Theories and Practice. USA: IGI Global. Watanabe, T., Uesugi, I. and Ono, A. (2015). The Economics of Inter firm Networks. USA: Springer. Woolley, D. (2015). The Marketing Management Posts. USA: Fontaine Press Pty Ltd.

Wolf Story Essays - Caribou, Tuska, Reindeer, Gray Wolf,

Wolf Story Tuska was a caring, loving, but aggressive, wolf. She had settled for the winter in Northern Alaska near a heard of caribou. In her den lay five pups of her own that she loved very much. The alpha male, Nuka, and she were about to go on a hunt. Larsk would watch the pups while the parents were out. The crisp, clean snow crunched under the pair's feet as they trotted through the dusk-white tundra. Tuska and Nuka's eyes darted in all directions, scanning the land for any brisk movement, any sound wavering in the air. In the distance, Nuka spotted some caribou approaching from the horizon. You go from the left and I will go from the right! he shouted, and they galloped to their positions. She saw an old and feeble looking caribou, which was being guarded closely by two others. Apparently, the aged one was important to the clan. The Caribou were getting closer and closer, and the pair was closing in on them. All of a sudden, Tuska shouted Now! and they both jumped in at the heard. There was a tangle of hooves, claws, teeth, and antlers as both animals struggled to live. Tuska was hit in the face, but Nuka was injured worse. He had been trampled by both of the strong caribou and was crippled badly. Blood was everywhere. The old caribou was dead, but the other two weren't. Tuska bolted at them fiercely and nipped at their heels until they ran away. Tuska ran straight over to Nuka's side. His neck had been trampled and there was a big gouge in it that was bleeding strongly. As Tuska wept tears of ice, he whispered I love you. Tell the pups the same. As his voice drowned off Tuska let out a howl, a howl so big that it was remembered in the stars forever. And to this day, when any valued wolf passes away, you can here Tuska's howl in the distance, still morning for the loss of Nuka and for the loss of all loved wolves. Engineering Reports