The Eighth Amendment And Cruel Punishment Essay - 2194 Words

The eighth amendment states: Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. (The Bill of Rights). Although excessive bails and excessive fines are a problem, the focus for this paper is going to be centered on cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. For years, many inmates and other people in society have been victims of cruel and unusual punishment. Extreme cases have included hangings, cadena temporal, being burned alive, public dissection, and today the focus is on lethal injections and quick ways to put people in their deathbeds. Although there is a desirability to steer the chances of crimes, among other factors, I believe that the death penalty, lethal injections, and other forms of perishment are inhumane and therefore contradict the eighth amendment. The eighth amendment is important to me because I believe everyone has something to prove. Everyone can do better, including the people who are imprisoned and have done horrible acts. A death sentence is inhumane to me personally, because I picture my mother getting sentenced to death and having no say in what is happening. Recently, I watched a movie titled Dancer in the Dark directed by Lars von Trier. This movie featured a young single mother raising a child while she was becoming blind. She became friends with her neighbor who was a cop, and the cop became immensely suicidal one evening due to a lack and heavy spendage of income from his family,Show MoreRelatedImportance Of The Eighth Amendment1115 Words   |  5 PagesThe eighth amendment helps people stay safe, for those who are going to jury. The eighth amendment was ratified in 1791 and stated that, â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines are imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.† This was made to help make sure that more amounts of bail money/property are not given to by excessive amounts, and that cruel or unusual punishments are not prohibited to any person going into court. Bail is where a certain amount of money is requiredRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution Essay1723 Words   |  7 Pagesnor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Eighth Amendment, 1791 The Eighth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution limits the punishments that may be imposed by the government on American citizens. These limits are compulsory among the states by way of the Fourteenth Amendment. The English Bill of Rights of 1689 expressed concern with arbitrary and disproportionate sanctions, giving way to the Founders inclusion of the prohibition against cruel and unusual punishment. To explore the Eighth AmendmentRead MoreSupreme Court Cases and the Eighth Ammendment865 Words   |  3 Pagesthe first ten amendments which were included to guarantee personal rights. One interesting amendment that has tested numerous times through the Supreme Court is the Eighth Amendment: no cruel or unusual punishment, it definitely changed America’s on what punishment is considered cruel and unusual. The Eighth Amendment was tested through many Supreme Court and there were some very significant ones such as the Miller v. Alabama. The no cruel or unusual aspect of the Eighth Amendment gives protectionRead MoreEssay about 8th Amendment1153 Words   |  5 PagesThe Eighth Amendment The 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. The 8th Amendment stipulates that bail shall notRead MoreEssay about The Eighth Amendment1138 Words   |  5 PagesThe 8th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States prohibits cruel and unusual punishment, as well as the setting of excessive bail or the imposition of excessive fines. However, it has also been deemed unconstitutional by the Supreme Court of the United States (according to the Eighth Amendment)to inflict physical damage on students in a school environment for the purpose of discipline in most circumstances. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The 8th Amendment stipulatesRead MoreThe Eighth Amendment and Death Penalty Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesThe Eight Amendment to the U.S. Constitution â€Å"Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishment inflicted†, proposed on 9/25/1789 and approved on 12/15/1791. The cruel and unusual punishment confines the harshness of penalties that state and federal governments may inflict upon ones who have been condemned of a criminal offense. The excessive fines phrase restricts the amount that state and federal governments may possibly fine an individual for aRead MoreConstitutional Conflict of the Dealth Penalty Essay584 Words   |  3 Pages The courts positions of the death penalty has changed over the years. For centuries societies have used death as the ultimate penalty for crime. In the 1960s, the court ruled against the death penalty as a cruel and unusual punishment, which was forbidden by th e eighth amendment of the Constitution. By the 1990s the death penalty was again in wide use supported by the court and Congress, which continually expanded by legislation the crimes for which death would be an acceptable penaltyRead MoreThe Debate Over Capital Punishment936 Words   |  4 Pages The debate over capital punishment is in regards to whether the death penalty contradicts the Eighth Amendment. If the death penalty does contradict the Eight Amendment, then the State should not have the power to sentence criminals to death for capital crimes. However, if capital punishment is not against the Eighth Amendment, then the State has the right to sentence criminals to death. In this essay I will first summarize Justice Brennan’s argument on why the death penalty is beyond the powerRead MoreDebate on the Death Penalty in America1482 Words   |  6 Pagesabove is from the book, Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equally horrible offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does capital punishment follow the guidelines setRead MoreConstitutionality of the Death Penalty1485 Words   |  6 Pages12-16 ) The excerpt above is from the book Cruel and Unusual. It later states in this book that if Simmons had received the death penalty then that would have violated his eighth and fourteenth amendment rights. Why is it that a person committing such a heinous crime could receive life in prison when another person committing an equal offence might receive capital punishment? Is it right for the United States to operate a system such as capital punishment? Does that follow the guidelines set out by

Neo-Marxist Contribution to Theories O Social Class...

How far would you say that Neo-Marxist have contributed to the continuing relevance of theories of social class inequality today? Social class inequality can be defined as the existence of socially created inequalities among and within classes. They can be attributed to various factors such as race, colour, ethnicity, gender, income, etc. It is arguable that inequalities that exist in post-independence societies as well as the inequalities which exist between nations can be directly traced back to the exploitative capitalism which accompanied European colonialism. Neo-Marxism has indeed contributed to the continuing relevance of theories of social class inequality in contemporary times. Therefore, the aim of this essay is to identify†¦show more content†¦And in addition it should improve on the understanding of our society through integrating the major social sciences. Neo-Marxism therefore held views that were synonymous with Marxism however they were amended and extended on his principles to keep up with modern times. Neo-Marxism, according to neo-marxist Nicos Poulantzas sought to answer three bas ic questions that traditional Marxist was unable to deliver a rationale for. These questions were firstly, why did the socialist and social democratic political parties not band together against WWI? (Instead of support for their own countries). Secondly, why although the timing seemed right for a workers revolution in the west it did not take place? And lastly how did fascism take place in Europe at this time? Neo-Marxism is based on the total political-economic-cultural systems that exist in contemporary societies. Neo-Marxists were concerned with the growth of the middle class, which changed the traditional Marxist class view of there being only two classes; to the introduction of a new class -the middle class. They studied the composition of the labour force; that is the fragmentation of the working class and the decomposition of capital; that is the growth in the middle class. They needed to discover whether or not social mobility was beneficial to the lower class or whether or not it leads to theShow MoreRelatedMarxism Of The Cold War And The Triumph Of Capitalism1528 Words   |  7 PagesMarxism has found great appeal as a political thought for several class-based revolution and have been the theoretical basis for the policies and politics of several regimes across the world. However, most governments and rulers have interpreted the political writings of Marx in their own way and c onsequently; several of the policies of these so-called Marxist states are often dramatically different and conflicting from the basis of Marxism. Since the end of the Cold War and the triumph of capitalismRead MoreFamily7546 Words   |  31 Pagesthe stresses and strains of daily life, which they get from being able to indulge in childish behaviour when playing with their children. This ‘stabilisation’ is often referred to as the ‘warm bath theory’. Other functions of the family; †¢ The family is an important agent of social control. It defines what is socially acceptable behaviour. The family also allow individuals to know the difference between right and wrong backed up by positive and negative sanctions. †¢ The familyRead MoreThe Role of Unions in South Africa19306 Words   |  78 Pagescollectivism, unionisation and union influence? 1 Table of Contents 1. Chapter 1 1.1 Introduction 6 6 2. Chapter 2 2.1 Theoretical Framework- Literature Review 2.1.1 Unitarism 2.1.2 Pluralism 2.1.3 Marxism 2.1.4 Collectivism and Individualism 2.1.5 Neo-liberalism 2.1.6 Unionism 8 8 8 10 12 13 19 21 3. Chapter 3 3.1 Methodology 3.1.1 Introduction 3.1.2 Sampling 3.1.3 Procedure 3.1.4 Methods of data collection 3.1.5 Data Analysis 25 25 25 25 25 26 26 4. Chapter 4 4.1 Research Results and AnalysisRead MoreSocial Power of the News Media12127 Words   |  49 Pagesmedia on the public.1 Instead of reviewing these positions and their empirical claims, this chapter examines in more general terms some properties of the social power of the news media. This power is not restricted to the influence of the media on their audiences, but also involves the role of the media within the broader framework of the social, cultural, political, or economic power structures of society. In order to focus this discussion better, I limit it to the news media, and in particular toRead MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreThe Impact of Agricultural Sector on Economic Growth in Nigeria18675 Words   |  75 Pagesschool level. I particularly thank Mr. J. Usifo (English Teacher), Mr. J. O. Ogigie (Mathematics Teacher), Mr. A. J. O. Aliemeke (Geography and Senior House Master), Mr. Okoh (School Principal) of blessed memory, Mr. C. O. Oteh (Economics Teacher) and others. My educational development benefitted immensely from my one-year stint at the Lower Six Geography class at Edo College Higher School Certificate during the 1979-1980 class. Let me therefore thank Mr. Emuhen, Biology Teacher and Mr. Aigbe, the SchoolRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagessystem. But much of the country was beginning to question in earnest the structure of colonial society by the early 1930s. The emergence of Rasta during that period corresponds with so much that was happening around the world. Rastas could tell that social unrest in Jamaica was going to lead to a movement away from colonial rule and, having heard Marcus Garvey speak of the importance of Africa to black people in the New World, found in his remarkable success as a leader of thousands in the UnitedRead MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 Pagesperspectives on the past) Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-1-4399-0269-1 (cloth : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0270-7 (paper : alk. paper)—ISBN 978-1-4399-0271-4 (electronic) 1. History, Modern—20th century. 2. Twentieth century. 3. Social history—20th century. 4. World politics—20th century. I. Adas, Michael, 1943– II. American Historical Association. D421.E77 2010 909.82—dc22 2009052961 The paper used in this publication meets the requirements of the American National Standard

Poor Economics A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Povert

Question: Discuss about the Poor Economics for A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. Answer: 1. Increasing return on scale can be defined as more increase in the output level in comparison to the increase in input level. For example, Apple can have increasing returns to scale because of its brand loyalty, positive image among the customers, advanced technologies and innovation that influence the customers mindset positively. Due to its technical expertise and RD capabilities, the firm will be able to increase outputs more than the inputs. Consequently, apple uses superior technology that increases its production efficiency and ability to have increasing return on scale (Walshaw, 2014). But at the same time, increasing cost of raw material and lack of effective technologies may cause decreeing return on scale. For example, OfficeMax is a USA retail based firm that would have decreasing returns of scale because OfficeMax invest large amount of money in retail production input but lacks with required technology and efficiency, which might be a reason for declining return on sca le. OfficeMax merged with office depot for increasing the sale and demand through developing production efficiency, but it was not successful due to less market growth and innovation to meet customer needs. 2. Fixed cost is the cost that remains same at all level of activities and does not change with the change in the activity level in the organization. Proctor Gamble is the firm that has a significant level of the fixed costs due to having large number of stores and management of shelves along with the wages and salaries of the retail staff. It also uses different software to run its operations smoothly and to ensure the security of the data and for this, it pays fixed licensing and maintenance cost each year. The cost of software is also the sunk cost because it cannot be received in future (Banerjee and Duflo, 2012). The firm has paid the cost of buying the licenses of the different software that will be used over the years, but the cost cannot be recovered by the firm that makes it a sunk cost. 3. The invisible hand theory depicts no intervention of government and advocates a free market economy. According to this, government interventions may affect the market efficiency. For example, the government interventions in the health care industry of the USA caused an increased in the quality of care, but at the same time, it prevented the competition and caused the monopoly of some larger hospitals (Hausmann, et al, 2014). It caused an increase in the cost of treatment and low output in healthcare due to lack of effective RD. But at the same time, government interventions are effective to improve the services and consequently the social welfare from the business practices. For example, government interventions in USA airline industry through the regulations forced the firm to improve the competition and to ensure betters services to the customers. The government provided indirect subsidies; bailout service and tax support to small airline firms for maintaining their service and provide reasonable fare service to its customers (Jaffe, 2016). It also facilitated a control over the prices and increased overall efficiency in the market. 4. Cairn India and Vedanta merger plan in June 2016 is a strategic behavior in action. It means merger will strengthen the resources of Vedanta as well benefit the shareholders. Consequently, it will create the value for the stakeholders. This strategic behavior of merger will help in developing core competence in the market (Benna, 2014). The major players in this strategic behavior are cairn India and Vedanta ltd as both are involved in the merger process. At their disposable both are using the negotiation strategy along with lobbying to gain better deal and benefits for their shareholders. These strategies are working for both the firms to improve their favor in the strategic behavior and to get the required benefits. In this strategic behavior, one firm will buy the shares of other firms at an agreed price and it will cause an increase in return and market share of the buyer firm. Overall, both the firms will get benefited from this strategic behavior. 5. The understanding of risk attitude of the customers can be significant for the firm because it would facilitate an opportunity for increasing the sales of the firm. It is because it will enable the firms to determine the behavior and attitude of the customers towards the new products and services of the firm and to change the organizational offerings accordingly. For example, a risk take customers will like to adopt the new products and services and their behavior understanding can enable the firm to bring continuous changes in its products and to sell them to the customers adequately (Hoffman, and Bateson, 2016). For the risk-averse customers, firms can use the direct selling method because through this method; firm facilitate a direct interaction with the customers that is effective to ensure them for the product and to increase the trust of them in the organization goods and services. Through the direct selling method, the firm can sell to the risk-averse customer better by eli minating all their issues and conflicts. Marketing 1. Brand extension is a method of launching new product by the name of existing brand. I believe that brand extension is an important brand growth strategy because it helps to facilitate the new product and services through creating a positive mindset and trustworthy image among the customers. Brand extensions help the firms to ensure the acceptance of their new products and services in the market due to having the particular image among the target market for the brand (Wang, 2014). For example, Samsung uses the same brand name for all its products due to its quality image and trust among the customers. Brand extension works on the basis of brand loyalty that helps us to increase the brand equity by developing a favorable positioning among the customers. Therefore, brand extension is the efficient way to enter in the new market because the original brand is already in the mind of customers. For example, Apple expands its market from computer to mobile phone quite easily and became th e market leader due to its quality image and brand loyalty. 2. For service organizations, it is difficult to manage their market share and customer base due to lack of tangibility. Services are intangible and it creates challenges to promote, control, quality, and set price by the service firms due to dependency on the efficiency of a firm (Hoffman, and Bateson, 2016). The service organizations also face issue in differentiating their services from the others in their marketing prices and to adopt an effective pricing strategy due to cost of each service comes differently. The effective promotional mean is another challenge for the service organizations due to intangibility that makes most of the promotional methods inappropriate and it affects the organizational ability to increase consumer awareness. For these challenges, the service organizations need to follow unique marketing strategies by tangibles their services (Mason, and Evans, 2015). For example, the firms can compare their services with other firms services in terms of time, or ot her features that will make the services tangible and will increase the organizational marketing efforts. 3. ABT Electronic is USA based corporation, which is engaged in retailing business. It is a regional organization but it has higher sales equal to 400 million along with good demand. Due to this, it has opportunity of co-branding with Wal-Mart to increase its image and reach to market. ABT electronics will have various advantages of this co-branding due to developing the brand image, market reach, customer base, market expansion and consequently the revenue of the firm. It will increase the market share of the company and also increase the awareness regarding the company products (Kim and Mauborgne, 2015). It will also be effective to decline the competition and improving competitive position of the firm. But at the same time, it may affect the individual recognition of the firm due to brand impact of Wal-Mart and its cost leadership strategy that may affect the overall profitability of the firm. 4. McDonald is a fast food restaurant that offers food services through 3600 local restaurant and approximately 60 million people worldwide per day. Due to having youth customers as the target market, McDonald exercises the social media and web based marketing techniques for increasing market share and profitability. It is quite effective to increase its product awareness among the customers and consequently their responses positively. The continuous growth of McDonalds is the indicator of the success of its strategies (Watanabe, et al, 2015). The average annual earnings growth of McDonalds is 9.20%, which is effective to ensure the success of its marketing strategies. In US only, the compounded growth rate of McDonalds is 2.3% because of its web based marketing and social media strategies in the year 2015 due to convenience to the customer an increase in their awareness for the organizational products (Woolley, 2015). References Banerjee, A. and Duflo, E. (2012). Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global Poverty. UK: PublicAffairs. Benna, P.L. (2014). Mergers and Acquisitions: India under Globalisation. USA: Routledge. Hausmann, R., Hidalgo, A. C., Bustos, S., Coscia, M. and Simoes, A. (2014).The Atlas of Economic Complexity: Mapping Paths to Prosperity. USA: MIT Press. Hoffman, K.D. and Bateson, J.E.G. (2016). Services Marketing: Concepts, Strategies, Cases (5th ed.).USA: Cengage Learning. Jaffe, S.D. (2016). Airspace Closure and Civil Aviation: A Strategic Resource for Airline Managers. USA: Routledge. Kim, C. W. and Mauborgne, R. (2015). Blue Ocean Strategy, Expanded Edition: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make the Competition Irrelevant. USA: Harvard Business Review Press. Mason, R. and Evans, B. (2015). The Lean Supply Chain: Managing the Challenge at Tesco. UK: Kogan Page Publishers. Walshaw, T. (2014). Increasing Returns to Scale. USA: Lulu.com. Wang, C.L. (2014). Brand Management in Emerging Markets: Theories and Practices: Theories and Practice. USA: IGI Global. Watanabe, T., Uesugi, I. and Ono, A. (2015). The Economics of Inter firm Networks. USA: Springer. Woolley, D. (2015). The Marketing Management Posts. USA: Fontaine Press Pty Ltd.

Wolf Story Essays - Caribou, Tuska, Reindeer, Gray Wolf,

Wolf Story Tuska was a caring, loving, but aggressive, wolf. She had settled for the winter in Northern Alaska near a heard of caribou. In her den lay five pups of her own that she loved very much. The alpha male, Nuka, and she were about to go on a hunt. Larsk would watch the pups while the parents were out. The crisp, clean snow crunched under the pair's feet as they trotted through the dusk-white tundra. Tuska and Nuka's eyes darted in all directions, scanning the land for any brisk movement, any sound wavering in the air. In the distance, Nuka spotted some caribou approaching from the horizon. You go from the left and I will go from the right! he shouted, and they galloped to their positions. She saw an old and feeble looking caribou, which was being guarded closely by two others. Apparently, the aged one was important to the clan. The Caribou were getting closer and closer, and the pair was closing in on them. All of a sudden, Tuska shouted Now! and they both jumped in at the heard. There was a tangle of hooves, claws, teeth, and antlers as both animals struggled to live. Tuska was hit in the face, but Nuka was injured worse. He had been trampled by both of the strong caribou and was crippled badly. Blood was everywhere. The old caribou was dead, but the other two weren't. Tuska bolted at them fiercely and nipped at their heels until they ran away. Tuska ran straight over to Nuka's side. His neck had been trampled and there was a big gouge in it that was bleeding strongly. As Tuska wept tears of ice, he whispered I love you. Tell the pups the same. As his voice drowned off Tuska let out a howl, a howl so big that it was remembered in the stars forever. And to this day, when any valued wolf passes away, you can here Tuska's howl in the distance, still morning for the loss of Nuka and for the loss of all loved wolves. Engineering Reports

Area 51 Essay

Area 51 Essay Area 51 Essay Dennis Roak Mr. Heywood Synopsis of Area 51 26th March 2014 The creation of Area 51 began in April of 1955, when a Lockheed test pilot, Tony LeVier, searched for a remote site to test the U-2. Grooms Lake is there has been speculation in the media for the last fifty year about paranormal activity at Area 51 near Roswell, New Mexico. The Roswell incident has brought about conspiracy theories that have reached the highest levels of government. The truth about the alleged UFO sightings and alien spaceship crashes around Roswell has been a continued argument that has grown to legendary proportions over the years. The government has categorically denied any military activity in the area. However, documentation and photographs have proven that the military is hiding something at the Roswell site. To create a greater mystery, the UFO enthusiasts have flooded the media with partial truths that have often been proven to be downright lies. The video of the extraterrestrial beings and their ships has been proven to be a hoax. Therefore, it can be asked what is the truth about the paranormal activities at Area 51? Roswell Army airfield was notified. Major Jesse Marcel investigated the report and took pieces of the disk to his home to reconstruct it. The Roswell case was closed at that time. However, documents have been found dated November 1952, that were addressed to President Dwight Eisenhower from Rear Admiral Rosco H. Hillinkoctler. The document was reported to be a

Arabic Loanwords In English

Arabic Loanwords In English Arabic Loanwords In English Arabic Loanwords In English By Sharon The Arabic language has contributed hundreds of words to the English language by many different routes. Thats partly because in what my daughter likes to call the olden days (from around 700AD to the Middle Ages), the Arabic kingdoms had a great influence on Europe and the world. In part this was through colonisation, but there were also many great mathematicians, alchemists and astronomers. Of course, language development is not that simple. Not all the words that have entered English via Arabic originate from that language. Linguistically speaking, the Arabs borrowed as freely as they lent and their language included words originating from Spanish, Latin, Greek, Persian, Hebrew and many others. Many of the words start with the Arabic definite article al, which also appears in silent form without the l in words such as admiral. Heres a list of some of the common words that the Arabic language has bequeathed to English. admiral adobe alchemy via Greek alcohol the quintessence of earthly substances, originally from alchemy alcove algebra restoration of missing parts, later used in a 9th century mathematical book written by a Persian scientist whose name gave us algorithm almanac amber apricot arsenal factory assassin hashish user artichoke aubergine burnoose via Latin caliber carat via Greek checkmate coffee possibly from the name Kefa, where the coffee plant originates cotton divan elixir medicinal potion, via Greek gauze from the Persian for raw silk gazelle genie giraffe harem hashish henna jasmine from Arabic via French kohl lilac, from Persian for indigo lime loofah lute magazine storehouse mocha named after a city in Yemen monsoon mummy via Persian muslin nadir orange safari from Arabic via Swahili saffron sequin sugar tamarind tariff typhoon zenith zero Theres a fun quiz on Arabic loan words here and more words can be found here. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Words for Facial ExpressionsAbstract Nouns from AdjectivesPreposition Mistakes #3: Two Idioms

Advertisement analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Advertisement analysis - Essay Example SO they need better brain even as they grow older. The cover page of the Bulletins is divided into different parts. There are two plates both full of vegetable, and of different colour. The first plate has orange vegetables while the second one has green vegetable. The rest of the ad is painted in a bright yellow colour. The ad is planned for women. They are the one who prepares food in the family, and if they do not prepare they decide what diet is included in a meal. Women care for their husband and would want to see them getting stronger even as they get old. The picture is arranged in an appealing posture. It has large images of vegetables and fruits more than the writing space. This makes the picture appealing to women, and it purposely designed for them because they like beautiful things. The ad has writing on the bottom left and top right side of the Bulletins cover. The Bulletins cover has some writing written in bold and with larger letter than others. For example, ‘SMARTER BRAIN FOOD’ is written in bold signifying that the vegetable and fruits are meant to nourish the brains (Benoist). The rest of the text talks of the benefit of oranges and green vegetable to men at their late years. Moreover, the test explains the nutrients that are comprised in these foods. It helps catch the mind of a buyer by quickly getting the pertinent information on the front page of the Bulletins. The ad also emphasis on the fundamental of colour and he paint the cover with yellow, green and red which resemble majority of fruits and vegetable that are there in farms and in the market. On the top right corner, the ad has inscriptions ‘keep your brain young with orange and green fruits and vegetables’ (Benoist) The author knows the valuable of being young and thus wants to appeals the bulletin to all people that need to look younger than

Hanson- understanding the text Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Hanson- understanding the text - Essay Example However, he contradicts his opinion by mentioning that the large population can only be sustained by either agriculture, or starves by service production, claiming that both are unattainable (Hanson 428). This contradiction of ideas shrinks the sense in his argument. The population that lived in the 19th century made great impacts on present Californians consumption. Hanson refers to this generation as â€Å"type of Californian† and classifies it to having disappeared. Worth noting, the generation carried away with them the ideologies and traits that best suited Californians, â€Å"credo that once made us what we were† (Hanson 431). In the words Hanson classifies Californian as having adequate resources to sustain its population. Fore fathers toiled hard to better the next generation. Casual work created a better life, but the current service production such as acting movies, saving newts makes results into trauma. Therefore to Hanson, Californians can’t substitute hard work to entertainment as less toiling as the former is the source of the

Nike Business Essay Example for Free

Nike Business Essay 3. Is it ethical for Nike to pay endorsers millions while its factory employees receive a few dollars a day? 4. Is Nike’s responsibility to monitor its subcontracted factories a legal, economic, social, or philanthropic responsibility? What was it 10 years ago? What will it be 10 years from now? 5. What could Nike have done, if anything, to prevent the damage to its corporate reputation? What steps should Nike take in the future? Is it â€Å"good business† for Nike to acknowledge its past errors and become more socially responsible? 6. What are the goals of the Jonah Peretti decided to customize his Nike shoes and visited the Nike iD website. The company allows customers to personalize their Nikes with the colors of their choice and their own personal 16-character message. Peretti chose the word â€Å"sweatshop† for his Nikes. After receiving his order, Nike informed Peretti via e-mail that the term â€Å"sweatshop† represents â€Å"inappropriate slang† and is not considered viable for print on a Nike shoe. Thus, his order was summarily rejected. Peretti e-mailed Nike, arguing that the term â€Å"sweatshop† is present in Webster’s dictionary and could not possibly be considered inappropriate slang. Nike responded by quoting the company’s rules, which state that the company can refuse to print anything on its shoes that it does not deem appropriate. Peretti replied that he was changing his previous order and would instead like to order a pair of shoes with a â€Å"color snapshot of the 10-year-old Vietnamese girl who makes my shoes.† He never received a response. 1 THE PR NIGHTMARE BEGINS Before Nike could blink an eye, the situation turned into a public relations nightmare. Peretti forwarded the e-mail exchange to a few friends, who forwarded it to a few friends, and so forth. Within six weeks of his initial order, the story appeared in the Wall Street Journal, USA Today, and the Village Voice. Peretti himself appeared on the Today Show, and he estimates that 2 million people have seen the e-mail. At the height of the incident, Peretti was receiving 500 e-mails a day from people who had read the e-mail from as far away as Asia, Australia, Europe, and South America.2,3 Nike refused to admit any wrongdoing in the incident and stated that they reserve the right to refuse any order for whatever reason. Beth Gourney, a spokesperson for Nike, had the following to say regarding the incident: Clearly, he [Peretti] was attempting to stir up trouble; he has admitted it. He’s not an activist. Mr. Peretti does not understand our labor policy. If he did, he would know that we do not hire children; our minimum age for hiring is 18 . . . and we don’t apologize for not putting the word â€Å"sweatshop† because our policy clearly states: â€Å"We reserve the right to cancel any order up to 24 hours after it has been submitted.†4 Nike, Inc., is no stranger to sweatshop allegations.

Fate, Traits, And Choices in Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet :: William Shakespeare

Romeo and Juliet, written by William Shakespeare, is a story of two young lovers. These two hearts, Romeo Montague and Juliet Capulet belong to feuding families. The family feud causes them to keep their love a secret and therefore only Romeo, Juliet, Benvolio, the Nurse and Friar Lawrence know of their love. Romeo and Juliet are able to look past the feud and let themselves fall in mad love with the other. They let themselves do almost anything for the other and at times it seems like too much to do, even for the one they love. Although fate and character traits play a key role in the play, ultimately Rome and Juliet’s personal choices lead to their downfall.Fate originates all of the conflicts in Romeo and Juliet, from when they met until they die. Romeo is in love with Rosaline at the very beginning of the story and has just found out that she has taken the vow of chastity. Meanwhile Lord Capulet has given County Paris Juliet’s hand in marriage if he can wait until she is sixteen. The Capulets have a party so that Juliet and the Count can meet and he can then woo her. When Romeo and Juliet first meet they are at the Capulet party, which Romeo sneaks into. They fall in love at first sight without realizing that they are enemies. Fate brings them together and it is fate that they are enemies. Thought the play, these lovers go through many obstacles that range from arranging a wedding and finding a time to meet to Juliet trying to get out of marrying Paris. The entire time fate is tossing them around. Romeo realizes this after he kills Tybalt, Juliet’s cousin, in a brawl. At first, Romeo does not want to fight because Romeo and Juliet are already married at this time and he knows that they are cousins. Tybalt asks for a brawl from Romeo but Mercutio fights instead. Mercutio gets killed by Tybalt and that is what makes Romeo mad and fight Tybalt. At the end of the fight when Romeo kills Tybalt and then realizes what he has done he yells out, â€Å"O, I am Fortune’s fool!† (Shakespeare.3.1.143). And he and Juliet both are little toys for fate. But, they never give up on their love.Romeo and Juliet’s traits cause them to go along with their fate and contributes to their downfall.

Articles

Section 8 SEKSYON 8. Hindi dapat hadlangan ang karapatan ng mga taong-bayan kabilang ang mga naglilingkod sa publiko at pribadong sektor na magtatag ng mga asosasyon, mga unyon, o mga kapisanan sa mga layuning hindi lalabag sa batas. â€Å"The right of the people, including those employed in public and private sectors, to form unions, associations, or societies for purposes not contrary to law shall not be abridged. † Freedom to form associations In large part, this section reflects the country’s bad experience during the Martial Law years, when the right to assemble and form associations was unduly abridged.Obviously, however, it is equally clear that the government can exercise its police power and abridge this right if the association in question threatens the legal order. Section 10 Section 10. No law impairing the obligation of contracts shall be passed. SEKSYON 10. Hindi dapat magpatibay ng batas na sisira sa pananagutan ng mga kontrata. Discusses the â€Å"sanct ity† of contracts and obligations Laws affecting contracts cannot be applied retroactively Aside: all contracts illegal in nature are non-bindingSection 4 â€Å"No law shall be passed abridging the freedom of speech, of expression, or of the press, or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for redress of grievances. † 1. ) Freedom of speech is not absolute, neither is a free press (more on that on the next slide) 2. ) Freedom of assembly refers mainly to peaceful demonstrations related to public affairs – Contrast: in Singapore, for large assemblies one must secure a public entertainment license 3. Right to petition i. e. to take up one’s grievances with government without fear of persecution Freedom of Speech – means an individual is free to speak or utter whatever he wants without prior restraint. Right to a Free Press – means an individual is free to write, publish, and circulate whatever he pleases witho ut restraint. Speech and expression refer to any form of oral utterances, while press covers every sort of publication such as newspapers, magazines, books, leaflets, and the like.Radio and television are also included. Freedom of speech and expression and freedom of the press are collectively called Freedom of Expression. Freedom of Assembly – refers mainly to peaceful demonstrations related to public affairs. The Right of Petition – to take up one’s grievances with government without fear of persecution. Section 11. Free access to the courts and quasi-judicial bodies and adequate legal assistance shall not be denied to any person by reason of poverty. SEKSYON 11.Hindi dapat ipagkait sa sino mang tao ang malayang pagdulog sa mga hukuman at sa mga kalupunang mala-panghukuman at sa sat na tulong pambatas nang dahil sa karalitaan. states that paupers or person who are poor shall be given free access to courts and quasi-judicial bodies as well as free adequate lega l assistance (or free counsel to defend him in court) Section 20. No person shall be imprisoned for debt or non-payment of a poll tax. SEKSYON 20. Hindi dapat ibilanggo ang isang tao nang dahil sa pagkakautang o hindi pagbabayad ng sedula.

Overweight or Obese Students in Physical Education Essay

In this thought paper, a social ecological constraint model study the inclusion of overweight or obese students in physical education by integrating key concepts and assumptions from ecological constraint theory in motor development and social ecological models in health promotion and behavior. There are some issues about the ecological constraint model. Often, overweight or obese are considered relative to their physical inabilities and how they differ from their peers. Even worse, physical educators maybe negatively biased toward overweight or obese students. Greenleaf, Martin & Rhea, 2008; Greenleaf and Weiler, 2005) and may have stereotypical views of lifestyle behaviors, lack of individual control, outward appearance (Chambis, Finley, & Blair, 2004; Rukavina, Li, & Rowel, 2008; Rukavina, Li, Shen & Sun, 2010). Another constraint is obesity bias/weight stigma, often defined as the assumption that overweight people have negative character trait such as laziness, self-indulgence, or lack of intelligence (Puhl & Brownell, 2001). In parallel of this article, given the social acceptability of negative attitudes toward obese individuals, it may not be surprising to learn that weight discrimination is common in the United States. Weight stigma or bias generally refers to negative weight-related attitudes toward an overweight or obese individual. These attitudes are often manifested by negative stereotypes (e. g. , that obese persons are â€Å"lazy† or â€Å"lacking in willpower†), social rejection and prejudice. Weight stigma includes verbal teasing (e. g. , name calling, derogatory remarks, being made fun of, etc. ), physical aggression (e. g. , hitting, kicking, pushing, shoving, etc. ) and relational victimization (e. g. , social exclusion, being ignored, avoided, or the target of rumors). Many obese individuals report being treated with less respect or courtesy than thinner persons and being called names or insults because of their weight. Thus, weight stigma can emerge in subtle forms, or it can be expressed directly. Discrimination is distinct from stigma and negative attitudes, and specifically refers to unequal, unfair treatment of people because of their weight. For example, an obese person who is qualified for a job but is not hired for the position because of his or her weight may have been the victim of weight discrimination. Other examples include being denied a job promotion or fired from a job because of one’s weight; being denied certain medical procedures or provided inferior medical care because of one’s weight; or being denied a scholarship, a bank loan or prevented from renting or buying a home because of one’s weight. Despite the increasing prevalence of obesity, it appears that incidences of weight discrimination are only becoming worse. (Puhl, R. M. , Andreyeva, T. , & Brownell, K. D; 2008).

market analysis of greenwich Essays

market analysis of greenwich Essays market analysis of greenwich Essay market analysis of greenwich Essay MARKET ANALYSIS Customer behavior/ flow of customers In the heart of Cabanatuan City, there lies a fast food restaurant that truly serves amazing and mouth-watering dishes, located at the NE Pacific mall Greenwich Pizzas is Just one of the top ranking fast foods not only among the province of Nueva EciJa but also to the whole country. It is not surprising how successful this food corporation is because as we observed how they care for their customers, we noticed that Greenwich do exert efforts in order to serve their customers well. They are committed in reaching out for their customers needs and wants when it comes to food services that are Just some of the great factor in building customer loyalty. The Management leverages every instance of customer feedback as an opportunity for learning, growth and improvement across the organization thats why they are always improving even on a daily basis. As a result, we see that Greenwich customers are indeed happy of the service that they are giving to them. Theres no an hour that this fast food centre is not occupied by even at least 10-15 consumers. Others come again and again due to the fact that eating there is also a pleasure; it gives them a hundred percent contentment and bliss while dining with their loved ones. Because of this, we see no doubt why Greenwich has always been a great place for dining. Customers are always treated as the king and queens of their food kingdom, great foods are assured for every serving in our table.

Text and Driving Stop Doing That. For Real.

Text and Driving Stop Doing That. For Real. This weekend I participated in a workshop in Soft Addictions. I expected to focus most of my energy on my sugar addiction, which has been a struggle for me for as long as I can remember. While I did spend some time and energy examining that habit, a different addiction came to the foreground as the weekend progressed: Texting While Driving In the workshop, we were divided into groups of six. When I admitted to them that I texted while driving, one of my group members looked at me with a heartfelt gaze and said, â€Å"Stop doing that. For real.† Later in the weekend, I found out that he texts while driving too- as did every one of the six people in my group. According to the NHTSA, if you’re traveling at 55mph and take your attention away from the road for 5 seconds (the minimum amount of time it takes to check your phone), you will travel the length of a football field without looking at the road! Texting while driving makes a crash up to 23 times more likely. In comparison, dialing makes a crash 2.8 times more likely and talking or listening makes a crash 1.3 times more likely. And while 34% of American drivers say they have texted while driving, I’m sure the number is much higher. In my workshop this weekend, at least two out of 35 participants had been in car crashes which were their fault and had resulted from their texting while driving. And at least one of them did not stop the habit. I started to get real about my own addiction to texting while driving and the true level of risk I’m taking every time I do it. And when it was time to choose one of our addictions and write a â€Å"Dear John† letter to the addiction bidding it farewell, I chose texting while driving as my target. Here’s the poem: Texting while driving, you kept me connected. I’m addicted to you. It’s like I’m infected. Despite all the stories of death and of gore, My phone seems to call to me†¦ LOOK AT ME MORE!! Well, starting right now, I choose to connect To my learning brain rather than gadgets electric. I’ve got options – like language CDs. Books on tape. That message that dinged me? It simply can wait. I yearn to connect†¦ but for that I must LIVE. And texting while driving? You’ve just gotta give.    Brenda Bernstein, November 14, 2014 On the way home from the workshop, I called a friend before starting to drive. When I hung up the phone, I saw that I had emails and messages I could read if I wanted to. I noted my impulse to pull down the menu that would allow me to read my emails, and, instead of checking the messages, checked the impulse. It felt scary and good. If you are a fellow driver while texting, please take a good look at what you’re putting at risk: not just your own life, but the lives of the drivers and passengers around you. Especially as the holidays are approaching- a time when many of us will be driving to see family and friends- let’s make a commitment to kick one of our most dangerous addictions, and DRIVE SAFE. Category:Life and LeadershipBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 17, 2014 3 Comments Scott says: November 17, 2014 at 8:57 pm I have seen this problem from two angles. My friend has a very busy life. Every time I ride as the front seat passenger with her! she is reading email or phone messages. Every single time! Its like they are driving blindfolded, I worry about a serious accident every time that I drive with them. She does it less because they know I will comment about it constantly. I have almost had first hand experience with texting and driving. Two years ago, I was almost rear ended when reading a text on Monona Drive at a stop light when the red changed to green. The car changed lanes and clipped by at fast rate of spend. Just like reading a book and driving would be stupid, this is equally dumb. Log in to Reply J. R. Hollingsworth says: November 18, 2014 at 8:37 am Texting while driving is not at all dangerous, if the passenger does it. Tell your friend that you will insist on your driving if she is texting, and be prepared to get out to make your point. Attorneys in accident cases love to discover that the opposing driver was texting nuff said. The real test is whether you have a smart phone, or it has you the same with any addiction. Log in to Reply Omar says: November 18, 2014 at 11:19 am Brenda, Thanks for sharing this. This is a really important issue, and I now find myself checking the impulse to look at my phone. If I cant let it go, Ill have to wait till the next exit to pull over. Thanks again, Omar Log in to Reply

Sociology of Developing Countries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Sociology of Developing Countries - Essay Example As far as radical ideology is concerned, these were found to be largely absent. The urban poor are, generally, supportive of them and see the government as doing its best to understand their issues (Griffiths, 2011). In order to benefit the rural poor, it is important to encourage good governance via decentralization. While this alone cannot help the rural poor in achieving this, inclusion of the program will mobilize them; motivate the poor, as well as marginal households, to seek available resources and opportunities. External agencies, their resources, experience, and expertise are important to development of the decentralization process (Griffiths, 2011). Urbanization seems to be happening at an unprecedented rate, with most of the individuals now living in the cities, as opposed to the countryside. By 2050, the UN forecasts that seventy percent of the world’s population will be urbanized compared to only thirty percent in 1950. Developing countries in Africa and Asia are the most affected, especially as opportunities for employment shift to the city and agriculture’s labor requirements decrease. Ultimately, this trend may prove destabilizing, as developing countries look set to achieve lower per capita income compared to developed countries at their point of urbanization. Countries with large urban populations of the younger generation are more prone to civil unrest compared to those with lower populations. These developing countries with increased urban population also have trouble in sustaining credible institutions of democracy (Handelman, 2011). These poor and disorganized cities also create the perfect ground for the emergence of gangs, crime-lords, as well as senseless riots. Rapid urbanization of developing countries, therefore, is expected to bring with it magnified scenarios of what happened during the same phase in developed countries. Another consequence of this urbanization of developing countries is international terrorism, since the

The Peloponnesian War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Peloponnesian War - Essay Example Eventually these two city-states became two power centers of Greece and indulged into a battle of supremacy against each other. This war between Athens and Sparta was known as the Peloponnesian war. The importance of the present study lies in the fact that as one of the ancient modern civilizations; studying the history of Greece has always been a privilege. Furthermore the Peloponnesian war was one of the very first kinds of civil war that led to massive alterations in nature of politics in Greece. The Peloponnesian war eventually led to the alteration of leadership of Greece, replacing Athens with Sparta as the most powerful Greek city-state. The background of the Peloponnesian war was a culmination of events that hovered around jealousy, insecurity and hunger for power. During the Greco-Persian war Athens and Sparta fought side by side. In the initial stages of the war role of Sparta was much more prominent (480 BC to 479 BC) than that of Athens and Sparta became the leader of the Hellenic League. (Fine, 332) Sparta was mainly a land-based power depending on its infantry for military success. (Thucydides, Hammond and Rhodes; IX) It was never that powerful in terms of naval power. While powerful Spartan infantry was more than sufficient to lead the Hellenic League against Persians on land and to drive them away from Greek soil, it was impossible for them to maintain the success in Persian territories of Asia and Aegean. A naval leadership soon became inevitable for such campaign against Persia in Asia and Aegean and in such circumstances Athens that was primarily a naval power came in the forefront (478 BC). This event m arked the initiation of rise of Athens as the prime Greek city-state ahead of Sparta. Again according to some scholars the Hellenic League at this point was subdivided in two parts. The Naval wing of Hellenic League became Delian League and it was headed by Athens. The land wing of Hellenic League went under Sparta and became known

Cultural struggle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural struggle - Essay Example Buy writing Mother Tongue, Amy Tan draws the readers’ attention by giving a reflection of people’s perception that the type and quality of English spoken by an individual represents one’s state of mind. She â€Å"†¦believed that her English reflected the quality of what she had to say. That is because she expressed them imperfectly her thoughts were imperfect† (Tan). Through her statements, readers get to understand that Tan used to look down on her mother due to the quality of English she was using. Further reading Mother Tongue reveals that Amy’s mom is an uneducated woman from China and does not comprehend Standard English. She used to request Amy to make phone calls on her behalf. Amy says that â€Å"she used to have me call people on the phone to pretend I was she †¦ a call to her brokers in New York. I had to get on the phone and say in an adolescent voice that was not very convincing, ‘This is Mrs. Tan.’. The mother as ked Amy to contact the stockbroker and pretend to be her. She, therefore, went ahead to talk to the stockbrokers by paraphrasing her mother’s jumbled sentences into understandable and meaningful statements, to the stockbrokers.Similar captivating information can be derived from the essay Two Kinds, by Amy Tan. In Two Kinds Amy Tan demonstrates that humans carry traumas of their past into their future by dredging them up either intentionally or unconsciously. She uses a Chinese narrator to bring out constant struggles that people go through while trying to find out better understanding and way of existence.

Study About Pc Troubleshooting And Maintenance Computer Science Essay

Study About Pc Troubleshooting And Maintenance Computer Science Essay Most of the time when we start up our computers, the CPU or Central Processing Unit goes through a series of steps or procedures before the computer operating systems boots from the hard disk. These initial steps are all categorized in a system called CMOS which stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. This is the where the systems settings such as the system clock, hard disk status, optical drives and other settings like the CPUs clock speed, FSB and so on are all on this setting. On the other hand, the chip that stores the settings is known as the BIOS chip also known as Basic Input Output System. This holds the most basic computer instructions that are required to boot the operating system like Windows XP or Linux based operating systems such as Ubuntu. Many people always get mistaken by calling is a CMOS chip, but since the BIOS and CMOS is so tightly intertwined, they can be both referred to as one (Difference between CMOS and BIOS, Dennis Faas). In other words, the CMOS chip stores the data needed for the BIOS so that the computer may boot us properly. The battery used to store the data is a lithium button battery which is located just near the CMOS chip and the CMOS jumper. This battery hold provides power to the CMOS chip even when the power of the computer is shut off. This is necessary where the chip is volatile, means that it will lose data when there is no power unlike a hard disk which work on magnetism. What is BIOS CMOS BIOS is commonly known as Basic Input/Output System. It is practically the lowest level processor that stands in between the hardware like the chipset and the processor with the operating system that is installed in a hard disk. The BIOS gives full access to the hardware components to allow a creation of high level operating systems such as Windows XP, Windows 7, Macintosh as well as Linux based operating systems. Moreover, the BIOS is also responsible over the behaviour of the hardware, such as the processors clock speed, the Front Side Bus or known as FSB, system clock, and many other vital hardware settings which is required to load or configured before the operating system loads into the Random Access Memory or RAM (System BIOS, Charles M. Kozierok, 2001). For a computer to operate, all the components must be given specific instructions on how and what they are suppose to do. Usually, that is where the BIOS come into play. The BIOS has a special software in which it runs preliminary codes or instructions which is preset into the ROM chip or Read Only Memory chip that is executed to load the operating system from the hard disk into the RAM for the computer to further execute more complicated commands and instructions so that it would be easier for the processor to communicate with the RAM in terms of instruction execution and access (The BIOS Program, Charles M. Kozierok, 2001). One of the most basic operations of the BIOS is the POST (Power On Self Test). This part is done to make sure that all of the components in the computer such as the motherboard, hard disks, optical drives, graphics adapter card and other components are working and they are detected throughout the system. Figure 1: BIOS that uses flash memory CMOS or Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor is low in power consumption and has low heat production rate technology that is used in contemporary microchips and it is commonly known as a small battery powered configuration chip where the BIOS stores the time, date and the system configuration settings (What is CMOS?, 2010). The main composition of this chip is made from silicon and germanium which in a way conducts electricity. These materials are then doped where impurities are added to transform it into a fully scaled transistor, either of extra negative charged (N-type) or positively charged (P-type). CMOS on the other hand uses both kinds of transistors in a complementary way to create a current gate where it makes an electrical control present. They practically use no power at all but this in another way, it makes it heat up fast where this sets a major limit to the speed where a microprocessor can operate (CMOS, 2005). The CMOS has a software which is a setup that is included in the creation of the chip. This setup is very vital for system configuration such as the frequency and voltage control of the components, the system date and time and the POST settings as well as the boot priority settings for the operating system to load. Figure 2: Examples of CMOS setup software interface Types of BIOS CMOS Now we know that BIOS is mainly the system where as the CMOS is the chip that contains a software that runs the BIOS. BIOSes were programmed initially into ROMs or PROMs (Programmable Read Only Memory) CMOS chips, where it only stored a very limited amount of data of the system configuration. Extensibility of the BIOS is limited to the capacity of the CMOS chip hence many years later BIOSes became more better when they introduce a new kind technology known as EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) and EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). Though EPROMs are eraser in a very different manner where the chip has to be exposed to UV light which passes through a small glass window on the chip, in order to clear all the memory cells. The chip has a small window that allows the intake of UV light upon erasing the data instructions in the CMOS chip (How to erase and program an EPROM, 2003). Figure 3: DIP type ROM CMOS chip Figure 4: PLCC type PROM CMOS chip The CMOS chip on the other hand has 2 commonly used types, categorized by their packages, PLCC and DIP. PLCC stands for Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier which is a four sided chip carrier with a J lead and pin spacings of 1.27mm. The lead count or legs usually range from 20 to 84 (Minges, Merrill L. (1989). Electronic Materials Handbook). DIP stands for Dual Inline Package which consists of two parallel sided electrical connecting pins connected to a rectangular housing. Both types of packages for the CMOS chip is fixed at 32 pins, since the CMOS settings only need to transfer about 32 bits across the board. Like mentioned in the introduction, the BIOS or the CMOS chip is powered by a battery that is used to store the settings and instructions intact even after the power is turned off. Below are the several types of batteries the CMOS chip uses (CMOS Battery, 2010): Figure 5: 3V Lithium Button Cell Battery Figure 6: 4.5V Alkaline Battery Figure 7: 3.6V Nickel-Cadmium Battery (Solder Connectors) Current Technologies and Models for BIOS CMOS In todays market, the current technology used in BIOS and CMOS is the PLCC type, EEPROM CMOS chip and powered by a 3V Lithium Battery Cell. The CMOS setup for the BIOS include two major companies which are American Megatrends and Phoenix BIOS. There are also other types setups which are configured by the computer manufacturer such as Dell, Acer, HP Compaq and many more. The BIOS on the other hand provides extra facilities in terms of the configurability of the onboard devices like the embedded audio, the processors voltage, FSB, Multiplier, RAM voltage, hard disk boot sequence and many more. Below are some examples of the CMOS setup screens in configuration mode for different types of setup: Figure 8: CMOS setup main page for AWARD Software. Figure 9: CPU Configuration settings Figure 10: Boot Sequence settings BIOS CMOS Failures and Solutions Like the RAMs and hard disks, the BIOS and CMOS chip can also have error and failures. There are three types of virus invasion that can affect the BIOS system: CIH Black Hat 2006 Persistent BIOS Infection CIH was the first virus that was able to erase the content on a Flash ROM BIOS. It was also given the nickname as Chernobyl Virus The extent of the virus lead to the ejection of the CMOS chip from the motherboard and sent for reprogramming for it has also distorted its basic functionality. Black Hat 2006 is a virus that is capable to elevate privileges and read physical memory, using malicious procedures that replaced normal ACPI functions stored in flash memory. Persistent BIOS Infection work as an insertion of malicious code into the decompression routines in the BIOS, allowing for nearly full control of the PC at every start-up, even before the operating system is booted. The proof of the concept does not exploit a flaw in the BIOS implementation, but only involves the normal BIOS flashing procedures. Thus, it requires physical access to the machine or for the user on the operating system to be root (Researchers unveil persistent BIOS attack methods, 2009). Solutions to overcome these kinds of virus usually required either reprogramming of the CMOS chip or just an upgrade of the CMOS firmware. To reset all the data in the BIOS via the CMOS chip are usually done as follows: Turn off all power and disconnect all wires from the PC Open the CPU casing to reveal the motherboard Find the jumper pins that is used to clear the CMOS settings or a small button near the CMOS chip Short the jumper pins by moving the connector from 1-2 to 2-3 position to clear the settings and remove the system battery. Else, press the button for 8 seconds. After this is done, move the jumper connector back to its original position 1-2 and then place the system battery back in its place. Place the cover back and connect all the wires and turn on the power Once the computer loads and pass the POST test, the BIOS will prompt to enter CMOS settings to set it back again. After the settings are set, save the settings and exit the menu so the computer can restart and load the operating system. Conclusion In conclusion, the BIOS is the most system for a computer to boot and load settings for the all the hardware components. The CMOS chip is a requirement for it is the component that stores the instructions of the BIOS into the setup. Without this, the computer would not know how to load the operating system or identify the existence of any hardware components.

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

The Great Gatsby   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story of Great Gatsby there are many diverse individuals which make themselves heard in the book. Tom Buchanan is the one character that the reader loves to hate. He represents the materialistic views in and around the Jazz era. The question at hand is to consider the character and role of Tom Buchanan in the story. How is the reader meant to respond to this character. To answer the question Tom must be broken down and investigated in an in-depth manner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The era the action takes place in is known as the Jazz era. It is well known as a very superficial time period. Tom is known as a very superficial character. Although Tom is well known as a wealthy man who seems to have the whole world at his beck and call. Despite his advantages which he has received in life it does not reflect his image which is ugly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  People are constantly striving to be like him because of his social status. He is the apex of the society, a very powerful individual, with enormous wealth. He is openly aggressive towards people especially his wife whom he is abusive towards. He also shows abusive actions towards his mistress Myrtle when he meets with her in New York. Tom believes solely that he is more important than anyone else. He also has much hate towards Gatsby when he first meets him, since Tom is particularly jealous of Gatsby's wealthiness over his own. We see his jealousy when he gets a favour from a friend in New York City to look into Jay Gatsby and the life he has led.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The reader develops much hate towards Mr. Buchanan when we learn of his mistress. His disprovement grows when he strikes her across the face and severely hurts her for no apparent reason. His rude attitude towards others are also taken to heart when Tom is seen out in public trying to show off for his friend Nick Caraway of how much of a man he can be.

Marketing: Milk and Products Essay

1, Identify macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions and explain how they apply to your chosen company. You should use analysis tool to apply to the company: SWOT, PEST, and Five-Forces analysis. (Outcomes 2a) – Micro environment: the market comprises all aspects of a market which affect the company’s relationship with its customer and the patterns of competition. It includes suppliers, competitors, publics, marketing intermediaries. – Macro environment: the macro environment can be described in terms of four keys components: political/legal, economic, social/cultural, and technological (PEST factor) [According to Business Essentials Books -Marketing, (Part B: segmentation, Targeting and Positioning, Chapter 2: The marketing environment, p93 – p96)]. |SWOT | |Strengths |Opportunities | |Strong brands, large market share |The preferential policies of the government of the dairy industry | |Distribution network throughout Vietnam |(2000 billion approved for dairy development project to 2020) | |Diversified products, competitive prices |Supply of input raw material – fresh milk – is relatively stable (e. g. | |Production line of international |have dairy cow plantation, farms etc.) | | Leadership capacity of good management |Joining the WTO: market expansion, business and learning experience | |Diversified product lines (150 products) | | |Sustainable relationships with partners | | |Talent and professional of marketing and product | | |Marketing research experience is good | | |Very attractive advertisement and promotion campaign. | | |Weaknesses |Threats | |Products primarily focused on domestic market. |Vietnamese economic instability (inflation, economic crisis†¦) | | Marketing activities of the company focused on southern of Vietnam |WTO: appears several competitors | | |Uncertainty worldwide political situation | |PEST | |Political/Legal |Requirements on food hygiene and safety very strictly regulation | | |Economics stability to facilitate the business of the company | | |The preferential policies of the government of the dairy industry | |Economic |Fast-growing economy of Vietnam (i. e.having a positive impact on the domestic purchasing power) | | | Join WTO pressure to compete for business | | |Dairy import tax reduction, creating favorable for imported dairy products increased conditions | | |Inflation, increased fuel, increased cow prices | |Social/Cultural |Increasing living standards | | |Need to improve health and beauty | | |Proportion of malnourished children remains high | | |Most Vietnamese people do not have the habit of drinking milk | |Technological |Improve and modern technologies | | |Milk powder extraction technology | | | Modern equipment in the field of packaging | | |Technology quality management according to ISO | |FIVE-FORES Analysis | |New Entrants more | For milk production, the costs are not high to join so the potential rivals to participate easily in this| |competition |segment. On the contrary, entry costs for fluid milk products and yogurt is quite high. More importantly, to | | |establish distribution networks require a large expenditure. Currently, Vinamilk has a big advantage in | | |distribution. However, the conversion cost of consumer products is almost equal to 0 so Vinamilk remain | | |competitive pressure in the average. | |Substitute products or | Milk products are not currently available substitutes. However, given the broad needs of consumers, dairy| |services |products can compete with many health care items such as soft drinks †¦ So, Vinamilk is at risk from | | |substitute products. Today, Vinamilk is developing several products of drinking water for health benefits to | | |expand market share. | |Customers bargaining power| Vinamilk is not pressured by any distributor. The company has two distribution channels: (1) the | | |traditional channel (240 distributors and more than 140,000 points of sale, make the distribution more than | | |80% of Vinamilk total production, (2) distributed through modern channels (such as supermarkets †¦). For dairy | | |products, when the cost of materials is high, Vinamilk can sell at high prices that customers still have to | | |accept. Therefore, Vinamilk can transfer the disadvantages from the outside supplier to the customer. | |Suppliers bargaining power| Vinamilk has advantage when they bargain with farmers in the purchase of raw milk because the purchasing | | |company is the largest, accounting for 50% of dairy country. Moreover, Vinamilk disadvantage as dependence on | | |milk imported from abroad. However, from talking to Vinamilk, cost of production 1 kg of liquid milk from milk| | |powder is lower than from fresh milk. Therefore, this is not too big drawback for Vinamilk. | |Rivalry amongst current | Also VNM is highly competitive as in the domestic dairy Hanoimilk Companies, foreign companies word such | |competitors |as Abbott, Mead Johnson; Nestle, Dutch Lady †¦ In the future, Vietnam’s dairy market continues to expand and | | |the level of competition is getting higher. | (Source: http://www. slideshare. net/nguyenvanti1991/lap-ke-hoach-marketing-cua-vinamilk [accessed 24 October 2011]) (Source: http://tintuc. xalo. vn/00885566846/Phan_tich_co_phieu_VNM_cua_Vinamilk. html [accessed 24 October 2011]) 2, Propose major segmentation criteria that are used for two products targeting two different markets. (Outcomes 2b) Vinamilk has much kind of products. We choose two products of Vinamilk are liquid milk and yoghurt. Both of products are targeted common people who have low or medium income. For milk, there are two segmentations for adults and children. The company makes many kinds of liquid milk such as sweetened, unsweetened, chocolate flavor, vanilla flavor, strawberry flavor†¦ depends on interest of each people. The company has three types of packaging for liquid milk products such as small carton, big carton, and bag. It is appropriate for each person and for each region. For yoghurt, the product is segmented the preference of the customers. Some people like eat yoghurt with spoon but some people drink it. Some people do not care about eating or drinking yoghurt, they think that it is good for their health. It is depend on different regions. |Liquid Milk | |For adults |100% fresh milk | | |Vinamilk 100% fresh milk is made from 100% pure milk, containing all essential nutrients from nature, giving you a | | |sense of vitality to enjoy life to its entirety. | | | UHT Milk Flex | | |High-calcium and low-fat milk, Flex is the ideal source of nutrients to help you keep in shape, healthy, active and | | |energetic. | |For kids |UHT Milk Kid | | |UHT Milk Kid is produced from fresh cow milk, rich in calcium and minerals, and treated by a modern UHT technology. | | |i. e. fresh milk is treated in at high temperature in a very short time (3 seconds) to retain all essential vitamins | | |and minerals (including calcium content in milk at an optimal proportion of D/Ca). The supplement of DHA is added to | | |assist children’s growth and development, keeping them healthy, agile and intelligent. | |Yoghurt | |Drinking yoghurt | There are two lines of drinking yoghurt products, including Vinamilk Drinking Yogurt and SUSU Drinking Yogurt Milk| | |with various flavors. Yoghurt is beneficial for health of digestion system and brings you a healthy nutrition source | |Spoon yoghurt | Being made from 100% fresh milk with various flavors such as aloe vera, strawberry, etc, yoghurt products are rich| | |in proteins, vitamins, minerals and calcium, which are essential for your body. Spoon yoghurt assists to improve the | | |daily digestion, reinforce the body immune system, consolidates bone structure and helps to bring a fine and fresh | | |complexion as well as a body in shape. | |Probi fermented | Vinamilk Probi is the yoghurt product fermented from billions of Lactobacillus Casei, working well in digestive | |yoghurt |system that helps to reinforce the resistance of digestive system, purify toxin from food and surrounding environment | | |and absorb nutrients at maximum capacity. Consuming Vinamilk fermented yoghurt Probi every day keeps digestive system | | |healthy from the inside naturally. | Source:http://www. vinamilk. com. vn/uploads/Download_E/VNM_Annual_report_FINAL_ENG. pdf [accessed 24 October 2011]) (Source: http://vinamilk. com. vn/ENG/? vnm=product&id=2 [accessed 24 October 2011]) (Source: http://vinamilk. com. vn/ENG/? vnm=product&id=57 [accessed 24 October 2011]) (Source: http://vinamilk. com. vn/ENG/? vnm=product&id=7 [accessed 24 October 2011]) 3, Outline the factors which influence the choice of targeting strategy for two products in two different markets. (Outcomes 2c) There are many factors to consider when choosing the targeting strategy; those are geography, demography, buying behavior, psychographic and social culture. – Geography and Buyer behavior: Vinamilk has to segment the market such as North, Central, South because each region has different habits such as taste, smell, packaging†¦. Liquid milk has many kinds of products (sweetened, unsweetened, chocolate flavor, vanilla flavor, strawberry flavor†¦) with three types of packaging (small carton, big carton and bag). Yogurt has the same with three kinds of products (spoon yogurt, drinking yogurt, Probi yogurt). – Demography: Vinamilk can divide the market into groups such as age, gender, social position, religion, or income. Liquid milk has two segmentations for adult and children. – Psychographic and Social culture: Vietnamese does not have habit drink a lot of milk. They like to change and something is new. Therefore, Vinamilk improve the products (liquid milk and yogurt) with many kinds of taste, design†¦. With two products in two different markets, Vinamilk has the different strategy to attract the customers and get money for company. 4, Explain how end-consumer or buyer behavior as marketing activities for two products of the company and its retailers. (Outcomes 2d) â€Å"Buying behavior† is made up of the internal and external factors that explain why consumers buy and use certain products or services. This type of behavior can affect the marketing strategy that a business employs to promote its products, and when this behavior is analyzed, it can guide a business toward better marketing strategies and methods that it might not have originally used. The University of Delaware states that the best way to gauge what marketing strategy to use is to create a â€Å"marketing mix† of different types of ads and promotions that can appeal to the different types of buying behavior. (Source: http://www. ehow. com/info_8749189_buyers-behavior-affects-marketing-activities. html [accessed 24 October 2011]) The buyer behavior has influence on marketing activities. There are some factors, which influence on marketing activities of the company such as: psychological, social cultural, situational. – Psychological: each people have each personality, lifestyles, thinking and nobody is not same anybody. They also have different beliefs, attitudes and motivations in life. Therefore, everyone has different needs. If Vinamilk just has one kind of products, the consumer will not have many choices. When they feel boring with the product, they cannot buy it more. Moreover, they think that the quality of product has to worth with the money that they spend. Therefore, if they use the product and feel it bad, they will not buy it more. To sum up, the consumer’s psychological affect strongly the sales of product. If the company does not grasp the consumer’s psychological, they cannot get profit. – Situational: the income of the consumer influence marketing activity. If the price is too high, the consumer will consider carefully before making decision. Therefore, if the price is not suitable, they will not accept and exclude the product. The previous buying experiences and the purchase task itself also have a big influence on consumer decision. – Social cultural: Vietnamese cultural also affect marketing activity. First, Vietnamese like the foreign products especially milk. They think that the foreign products are always better than the domestic product. Therefore, they tend to choose the foreign products firstly. Second, Vietnamese tend to follow the mass because they think that the products have many people to use is good. It is advantage or disadvantage. If the vinamilk has the best marketing, many people will buy their products. but if not, it is difficult for them to sell products. Part 2: Identify and analyze the individual elements of the extended marketing mix: 1, Describe and analyze how products of your chosen company are developed to sustain the company’s competitive advantage. Vinamilk has many products from milk such as liquid milk, yoghurt, power milk, condensed milk, ice cream, cheese, etc†¦ In the competitive environment, Vinamilk always develop and improve their products to satisfy their consumers. Besides, they always create new products to expand the market. Thus, they can sustain the company‘s competitive advantage. Now, we choose and analysis two products of Vinamilk so that we can see how products of Vinamilk are develop. First, it is liquid milk. The liquid milk is shared two segmentations and it is for family and for children. In the family segmentation, Vinamilk has two products such as 100% fresh milk and Flex. With Vinamilk 100% fresh milk, the company has pasteurized milk in carton. After a period of selling, Vinamilk changes packaging with pasteurized milk in bag. It is more convenient to use and bring. Some people like to drink milk with sugar, immediately the company improve product with sweetened milk. After that, they do variety of product with some flavor such as chocolate, strawberry, etc†¦ They capture the market very quickly and they always develop their products to satisfy consumer. They see that Long Thanh milk has developed with autoclaved milk so they also manufacture autoclaved milk with sweetened and no sweetened. In the modern life, people eat many kind of food, which has a lot of fat. Therefore, Vinamilk launch a new product, Vinamilk Flex. It has high-calcium and low-fat milk. It is a good step by Vinamilk. It really attracts people because everyone always wants to keep in shape, healthy, active and energetic and it is difficult when eating a lot of fat. Nowadays, Vinamilk see that child obesity is increasing in Vietnam, combined with the milk market research weight loss, Vinamilk find less competition involved in this market, which has created the impetus for launching Vinamilk new product – â€Å"Vinamilk milk to lose weight† and immediately received the support of consumers. With the research objectives and provide effective solutions to weight loss, safety, consistent with the state of Vietnam, this product is a breakthrough to help bring practical benefits to consumers. Recognizing this trend, Vinamilk immediately jump into this exciting market. Besides, Vinamilk also develop products that are reserved for children. That is UHT MILK MILKKID and VNM FORTIFIED UHT MILK. Fresh milk is treated in at high temperature in a very short time (3 seconds) to retain all essential vitamins and minerals (including calcium content in milk at an optimal proportion of D/Ca). The supplement of DHA is added to assist children’s growth and development, keeping them healthy, agile and intelligent. The parents like it because they always want everything are the best for their children. Second, it is the yoghurt. Vinamilk has three type of yogurt. This is yogurt with spoon, drink yogurt, probi yogurt. Each type of yogurt suits each different preference. Some people like eat yogurt with spoon but some people like to drink yogurt. It is very easy for consumers to access it when there are many choices. Now, probi yogurt is popular because it there are many good things such as reinforces the resistance of digestive system, purify toxin from food and surrounding environment and absorb nutrients at maximum capacity. It really attracted people because it is aimed the consumer’s psychological about health. It is really effective because everyone want a good health. 2, Explain how your chosen company’s products are distributed in order to provide convenience to customers. According: http://vinamilk. com. vn/? vnm=market&id=28 [accessed 24 October 2011] For Manufacturer Company, the distribution is very important. The company has good products and services, good price but their product cannot be delivered to customers. It is failure. Therefore, the company should build the best distribution systems. It is very helpful when the company sell their products. There are many method of getting products to customers such as supermarket, agents, wholesalers, retailers, virtual store, franchise, etc†¦ Vinamilk has two channels to distribute goods. This is direct channel (supermarket) and indirect channel (wholesalers, retailers). Vinamilk do not choose franchise, on-site store, and virtual store to distribute their goods because some reason. Firstly, Vietnamese does not have hobbits to drink a lot of milk so the quantity of milk that the customers buy is low. Secondly, the products of Vinamilk sell everywhere in Viet Nam so it is difficult to deliver if the customers order direct from manufacturer. Thirdly, Vinamilk is manufacturer so they just want to make products and distribute them. They entrust the other people to buy goods and manage them. It is easier if the company spend a large of money to build a chain of sale in the whole country. In direct channel, Vinamilk has products in all supermarkets in Viet Nam such as Big C, Metro, Coopmart, etc†¦ The customer can find the products of Vinamilk at all supermarket in Viet Nam. The supermarkets just distribute 20% products of Vinamilk and the retailers in indirect channel distribute 80% products of Vinamilk. Because the percent of Vietnamese go to supermarket is not high and the supermarket system is not much. In addition, the customers like to buy milk near their house. In indirect channel, Vinamilk’s products were sold through 240 wholesalers with more than 140,000 retailers in all 64 provinces of Viet Nam. It is convenience for customers. They can buy products everywhere. They just go the nearest retailers to buy milk or they can stay at home and call for the nearest wholesales. The good is delivered in a few minutes. It is easy to buy products of Vinamilk. Although it is hard for Vinamilk to manage all retailers, they can go to some places and make survey from the customers to know how to the retailers do with their goods. Vinamilk also is using the most modern application of IT technology in management such as Customer Relationship Management (SAP), Oracle E Business Suite 11i, and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP). Everything just solve the problem how to the goods is distributed the customers quickest and the most effective. 3, Explain how prices of your company’s product are set to reflect company’s objectives and market conditions. Price is an important factor when the company wants to attract many people to buy their products. Therefore, making the appropriate price policy is especially important significant, it helps Vinamilk have effective business strategy. First, Vinamilk want to choose price for products (liquid milk and yogurt), the company has to modify the price of product at breakeven points. After that, they should consider some factor which affect purchase of market such as customer behavior, habits, income, market volatility, quality, and quantity†¦ from that, they can choose the markup for products (low or high). Then, they continue to investigate the price of competitions and they can consider their price of products is suitable and can be competitive. Thus, they can make decision for final prices of products. For two products (liquid milk and yogurt), Vinamilk has some strategy. To achieve the goal of becoming the dairy and food companies have health benefits for rapid growth and most stable market in Vietnam with the product line with long-term competitive advantages, Vinamilk accept to decrease the extent possible price to achieve maximum market range. Besides, Vinamilk try to improve their product has high quality, secure and they create the customer’s confidence. Later, they can increase their prices but the customers will not respond much about that. Moreover, more and more people interested in their health care, so the milk is preferred. The trend of the expensive purchase (psychological attached between price and quality) also contributed to higher milk prices. General psychology of the customers often compares the prices of the same product of the other companies to make decisions. Therefore, Vinamilk research the cost and selling price, quality of products of competitors and then they adjust their price so that it is reasonable. Despite the race of the profits with foreign milk company, Vinamilk maintains the stabile price since 2008. The price of Vinamilk on the market only has about one-thirds of the price of foreign company. In the domestic, the prices of products of Vinamilk are always equal or less compared to the price of products of the other companies. With current milk prices, Vinamilk accept lower interest or compensation from the operation of many different product lines to share the burden of consumer spending. When the product value has high in the mind of the customers, it is easy for the customer to accept the new products of Vinamilk. Beside, the product value has lower in the mind of the customer, Vinamilk keep the old price and improve the quality of product. Moreover, Vinamilk try to invest modern technology and economize the input materials and the costs of sales so that they can have the best price for the customers. Vinamilk has quite reasonable policy in the price. 4, Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives in your chosen company. The products cannot buy more every time and everywhere. The customers do not always know new products. The company is same. Therefore, the company has to have many promotional activities to make the customer know: What is the company? What are the company’s products? They are good or bad †¦. Thus, the customers will know the company and their products. The company can sell more products and get a lot of money. It is good for the company. Vinamilk choose two ways: First, it is advertising. Vinamilk always understand the important of advertising in promotion strategy, so they always focus and create highly and constantly. They have achieved big success in improving sales. Vinamilk is a company specialized in manufacturing of milk products, which mainly milk from dairy cows, so the image of dairy cow is considered specific, the core of each Vinamilk advertising. Vinamilk responds the strict requirements that advertising message to be achieved. The customers can see it on TV, on billboard on the street, when they go to Vinamilk website or read on the magazine. The advertising campaign is replicated throughout many the mass media with dairy cow image: cute dairy cow on the beautiful natural, full on life. With the purpose of bringing their products to the majority of consumers, Vinamilk use all forms of advertising such as television, radio, newspapers, outdoor advertising, etc†¦ Besides, Vinamilk do charity to enhance the reputation of the company. For example, â€Å"8 millions cups of milk for poor children†, â€Å"Vinamilk incubating young talent†, â€Å"help poor or disabilities people†, etc†¦ Second, it is promotion. With the purpose of attracting many people and selling many products, Vinamilk has many interesting promotion activities. The customer will be discounted or has more products of Vinamilk when buying a large quantity. For children, they can drink and collect the paper in the bottle and then they can change the presents or school supply. Sometimes, in the supermarket, the customers can get same free samples (old products or new products) to trial. Sometimes, the customers will buy products with presents (toys for kid, glass or new products of Vinamilk). Everything is promotional strategy so that they can attract more the customers and sell more products. 5, Analyze the additional elements of the extended marketing mix (People, Physical evidence and Process) in your chosen company. ? People Vinamilk understand that training and human resources development is the strategy of investment for the company’s success in the future. Therefore, Vinamilk is focused on training and improving the staff. They work out a plan of career development for the staff and bring the staff suitable training programs to help them improve working effects. In the period of developing and expanding, Vinamilk make opportunity for the staff who will have more chances to deal with new roles and new challenge. This also helps the staff raise potential and creativeness . Vinamilk creates a professional, friendly and open-hearted environment. Vinamilk always respected, listened and shared ideas with the staff. The staff’s efforts and achievements are recognized and highly commended. There are many activities for the staff such as sports, travelling, camping, etc†¦ It helps them enjoy happy and useful moments. The staffs also have a chance to understand each other and promote teamwork spirit effectively. The staff will get a satisfactory salary according to working capacity and competitive salary. Besides, Health Insurance Program and transport assistance are also one of distinguishing benefits we give to the staff. ? Physical evidence The company’s factories are equipped with modern technological lines imported directly from countries such as France, Germany, Denmark, Sweden †¦ the criteria for creating high-quality products, low power consumption, have the ability to recover and reuse of products and energy sources. In addition, the company gradually converts and invests processing lines from low-power performance to high-power performance. The application of modern machine will contribute to significant savings in production costs, reduce water consumption, fuel and energy. Vinamilk has 80 trucks, they are used to deliver the products from the company to the distributors. Each truck has a black box mounted to monitor the status of the vehicle. The factories of Vinamilk are designed modern, HACCP standards, creating a clean working environment, ensuring occupational health and safety for workers and do not affect the residential area around. All sources of noise are located away from residential areas and are completely separate. There are many partner companies and each company has a separate function. It helps the company to produce and supply the goods in time on the market. Nowadays, the customers like beautiful design of product packaging, many companies have not hesitated to invest costs on designing new the packaging. Although they can take disadvantages of the cost and price, the customer will remember more the products. It is important to make decision by the customers. Vinamilk tries to fulfill the criteria packaging such as beautiful, convenience, safety products, friendly environment †¦ In addition, it is difficult to maintain these criteria because the business environment and customer preferences always change. Therefore, the company will invest heavily in packaging costs to attract the customers. ? Process There are two resources of raw materials in Vinamilk: milk is collected from farm and milk is imported from foreign country. Vinamilk produces milk in facilities and then the company distributes their products in two ways: one, they provide products in supermarkets such as Metro, Big C, Coopmart†¦ two, they distribute for the wholesalers and then the wholesalers provide goods for the retailers. Finally, the retailers sell them for the customers. It is very convenience for the customers. They can buy the products of Vinamilk everywhere. After few times, Vinamilk goes to research the market and get feedback from the customers. Thus, they research and develop their products according to the customer preference. Therefore, their products will attract more the customers and they can get more profits. Bibliographies Textbook: BPP Learning Media Staff (2007), Business Essentials – Marketing, BPP House, London, BPP Learning Media Ltd. Online resources: http://vinamilk. com. vn/ http://www. slideshare. net/nguyenvanti1991/lap-ke-hoach-marketing-cua-vinamilk [accessed 24 October 2011] http://tintuc. xalo. vn/00885566846/Phan_tich_co_phieu_VNM_cua_Vinamilk. html [accessed 24 October 2011] http://www. vinamilk. com. vn/uploads/Download_E/VNM_Annual_report_FINAL_ENG. pdf [accessed 24 October 2011] http://www. ehow.com/info_8749189_buyers-behavior-affects-marketing-activities. html [accessed 24 October 2011] [pic]. CONTENT Part 2: 5, Analyze the additional elements of the extended marketing mix (People, Physical evidence and Process) in your chosen company PAGE NO. 17 Part 2: 1, Describe and analyze how products of your chosen company are developed to sustain the company’s competitive advantage PAGE NO. 11 Part 1: 4, Explain how end-consumer or buyer behavior as marketing activities for two products of the company and its retailers PAGE NO. 10 Part 1: 3, Outline the factors which influence the choice of targeting strategy for two products in two different markets PAGE NO. 9 Part 2: 2, Explain how your chosen company’s products are distributed in order to provide convenience to customers PAGE NO. 13 Part 2: 3, Explain how prices of your company’s product are set to reflect company’s objectives and market conditions PAGE NO. 14 Part 1: 2, Propose major segmentation criteria that are used for two products targeting two different markets PAGE NO. 7 Part 1: 1, Identify macro and micro environmental factors which influence marketing decisions and explain how they apply to your chosen company PAGE NO. 3 Part 2: 4, Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives in your chosen company PAGE NO. 16